ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр имени В.А. Алмазова»
Резюме
Описан клинический случай экстракраниального метастазирования глиосаркомы у мужчины 53 лет. Изначально была выявлена глиобластома правой теменной доли, произведено хирургическое лечение. Спустя 4 месяца выявлена трансформация в глиосаркому, произведена повторная операция. Еще через 5 месяцев выявлены множественные вторичные изменения в легких, печени, селезенке, лимфоаденопатия средостения, двусторонний гидроторакс и деструкция левого VII ребра. Еще через 2 недели пациент умер от интоксикации. На аутопсии диагностирована глиосаркома со множественными экстракраниальными метастазами. В статье приведен анализ литературных данных.
1. Din NU, Ishtiaq H, Rahim S, et al. Gliosarcoma in patients under 20 years of age. A clinicopathologic study of 11 cases and detailed review of the literature. BMC Pediatr. 2021;21(1):101. doi: 10.1186/s12887-021-02556-9
2. Kozak KR, Mahadevan A, Moody JS. Adult gliosarcoma: epidemiology, natural history, and factors associated with outcome. Neuro Oncol. 2009;11(2):183-91. Doi: 10.1215/15228517-2008-076.
3. Louis DN, Ohgaki H, Wiestler OD, et al. WHO Classification of Tumours of the Central Nervous System (Revised 4th edition). IARC: Lyon. - 2016. - P. 408.
4. Singh G, Mallick S, Sharma V, et al. A study of clinico-pathological parameters and O⁶-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation status in the prognostication of gliosarcoma. Neuropathology. 2012;32(5):534-42. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1789.2012.01297.x.
5. Lutterbach J, Guttenberger R, Pagenstecher A. Gliosarcoma: a clinical study. Radiother Oncol. 2001;61(1):57-64. doi: 10.1016/s0167-8140(01)00415-7.
6. Pietschmann S, von Bueren AO, Henke G, et al. An individual patient data meta-analysis on characteristics, treatments and outcomes of the glioblastoma/gliosarcoma patients with central nervous system metastases reported in literature until 2013. J Neurooncol. 2014;120(3):451-7. doi: 10.1007/s11060-014-1596-x.
7. van Schaijik B, Wickremesekera AC, Mantamadiotis T, et al. Circulating tumor stem cells and glioblastoma: A review. J Clin Neurosci. 2019;61:5-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jocn.2018.12.019.
8. Dubois LG, Campanati L, Righy C, et al. Gliomas and the vascular fragility of the blood brain barrier. Front Cell Neurosci. 2014;8:418. Published 2014 Dec 12. doi:10.3389/fncel.2014.00418
9. Louveau A, Smirnov I, Keyes TJ, et al. Structural and functional features of central nervous system lymphatic vessels. Nature. 2015;523(7560):337-41. doi: 10.1038/nature14432.
10. Absinta M, Ha SK, Nair G, et al. Human and nonhuman primate meninges harbor lymphatic vessels that can be visualized noninvasively by MRI. Elife. 2017;6:e29738. doi:10.7554/eLife.29738.
11. Yağmurlu K, Sokolowski JD, Çırak M, et al. Anatomical Features of the Deep Cervical Lymphatic System and Intrajugular Lymphatic Vessels in Humans. Brain Sci. 2020;10(12):953. doi:10.3390/brainsci10120953
12. Beaumont TL, Kupsky WJ, Barger GR, Sloan AE. Gliosarcoma with multiple extracranial metastases: case report and review of the literature. J Neurooncol. 2007;83(1):39-46. doi: 10.1007/s11060-006-9295-x.
13. Demirci S, Akalin T, Islekel S, et al. Multiple spinal metastases of cranial gliosarcoma: a case report and review of the literature. J Neurooncol. 2008;88(2):199-204. doi: 10.1007/s11060-008-9550-4.
14. Andaloussi-Saghir K, Oukabli M, El Marjany M, et al. Secondary gliosarcoma after the treatment of primary glioblastoma multiforme. N Am J Med Sci. 2011;3(11):527-30. doi: 10.4297/najms.2011.3527.
15. Choi TM, Cheon YJ, Jung TY, Lee KH. A Stable Secondary Gliosarcoma with Extensive Systemic Metastases: A Case Report. Brain Tumor Res Treat. 2016;4(2):133-137. doi: 10.14791/btrt.2016.4.2.133.
16. Matsuyama J, Mori T, Hori S, et al. Gliosarcoma with multiple extracranial metastases. Case report. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo). 1989;29(10):938-43. doi: 10.2176/nmc.29.938.
17. Widjaja A, Mix H, Gölkel C, et al. Uncommon metastasis of a glioblastoma multiforme in liver and spleen. Digestion. 2000;61(3):219-22. doi: 10.1159/000007761.
18. Wharton SB, Whittle IR, Collie DA, et al. Gliosarcoma with areas of primitive neuroepithelial differentiation and extracranial metastasis. Clin Neuropathol. 2001;20(5):212-8.
19. Maeda D, Miyazawa T, Toyooka T, Shima K. Temporal gliosarcoma with extraneural metastasis: case report. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo). 2010;50(4):343-5. doi: 10.2176/nmc.50.343
20. Mesfin FB, Deshaies EM, Patel R, et al. Metastatic gliosarcoma with a unique presentation and progression: case report and review of the literature. Clin Neuropathol. 2010;29(3):147-50. doi: 10.5414/npp29147.
21. Rapp M, Felsberg J, Sorg RV, et al. Case report: extracranial metastasis from gliosarcoma--the influence of immune system. Br J Neurosurg. 2011;25(2):286-8. doi: 10.3109/02688697.2010.528473.
22. Dawar R, Fabiano AJ, Qiu J, Khushalani NI. Secondary gliosarcoma with extra-cranial metastases: a report and review of the literature. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2013;115(4):375-80. doi: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2012.06.017
23. Oberndorfer S, Wöhrer A, Hainfellner JA, et al. Secondary gliosarcoma with massive invasion of meninges, skull base, and soft tissue, and systemic metastasis. Clin Neuropathol. 2013;32(6):522-4. doi: 10.5414/NP300643.
24. Ben Nsir A, Thai QA, Kassar AZ, et al. Primary Cerebellar Gliosarcoma with Extracranial Metastases: An Orphan Differential Diagnosis. World Neurosurg. 2015;84(6):2076.e13-7. doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2015.07.049.
25. Choi TM, Cheon YJ, Jung TY, Lee KH. A Stable Secondary Gliosarcoma with Extensive Systemic Metastases: A Case Report. Brain Tumor Res Treat. 2016;4(2):133-137. doi: 10.14791/btrt.2016.4.2.133.
26. Capion T, Hauerberg J, Broholm H, Muhic A. Multiple Extracranial Metastases from Primary Gliosarcoma in a Patient with Two Previous Different Primary Cancers. Case Rep Oncol Med. 2019;2019:7849616. doi: 10.1155/2019/7849616.
27. Choi MG, Lee JH, Lee MS, et al. Primary Gliosarcoma with Extracranial Metastasis. Brain Tumor Res Treat. 2020;8(1):53-56. doi: 10.14791/btrt.2020.8.e9.
28. Hsu BH, Lee WH, Yang ST, et al. Spinal metastasis of glioblastoma multiforme before gliosarcomatous transformation: a case report. BMC Neurol. 2020;20(1):178. doi: 10.1186/s12883-020-01768-3.
29. Anderson KJ, Tan AC, Parkinson J, et al. Molecular and clonal evolution in recurrent metastatic gliosarcoma. Cold Spring Harb Mol Case Stud. 2020;6(1):a004671. doi: 10.1101/mcs.a004671.
30. Georgescu MM, Olar A. Genetic and histologic spatiotemporal evolution of recurrent, multifocal, multicentric and metastatic glioblastoma. Acta Neuropathol Commun. 2020;8(1):10. doi: 10.1186/s40478-020-0889-x.
31. Robert M, Wastie M. Glioblastoma multiforme: a rare manifestation of extensive liver and bone metastases. Biomed Imaging Interv J. 2008;4(1):e3. doi: 10.2349/biij.4.1.e3.
32. Beauchesne P. Extra-neural metastases of malignant gliomas: myth or reality Cancers (Basel). 2011;3(1):461-77. doi: 10.3390/cancers3010461.
33. Mandel JJ, Yust-Katz S, Cachia D, et al. Leptomeningeal dissemination in glioblastoma; an inspection of risk factors, treatment, and outcomes at a single institution. J Neurooncol. 2014;120(3):597-605. doi: 10.1007/s11060-014-1592-1.
34. Müller C, Holtschmidt J, Auer M, et al. Hematogenous dissemination of glioblastoma multiforme. Sci Transl Med. 2014;6(247):247ra101. doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3009095.
35. Gao F, Cui Y, Jiang H, et al. Circulating tumor cell is a common property of brain glioma and promotes the monitoring system. Oncotarget. 2016;7(44):71330-71340. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.11114.
36. Lamouille S, Xu J, Derynck R. Molecular mechanisms of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2014;15(3):178-96. doi: 10.1038/nrm3758.
37. Timmerman LA, Grego-Bessa J, Raya A, et al. Notch promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition during cardiac development and oncogenic transformation. Genes Dev. 2004;18(1):99-115. doi: 10.1101/gad.276304.
38. Niessen K, Fu Y, Chang L, Hoodless PA, et al. Slug is a direct Notch target required for initiation of cardiac cushion cellularization. J Cell Biol. 2008;182(2):315-25. doi: 10.1083/jcb.200710067.
39. Xie M, Zhang L, He CS, et al. Activation of Notch-1 enhances epithelial-mesenchymal transition in gefitinib-acquired resistant lung cancer cells. J Cell Biochem. 2012;113(5):1501-13. doi: 10.1002/jcb.24019.
40. Dell'albani P, Rodolico M, Pellitteri R, et al. Differential patterns of NOTCH1-4 receptor expression are markers of glioma cell differentiation. Neuro Oncol. 2014;16(2):204-16. doi: 10.1093/neuonc/not168.
41. Yang MH, Wu MZ, Chiou SH, et al. Direct regulation of TWIST by HIF-1alpha promotes metastasis. Nat Cell Biol. 2008;10(3):295-305. doi: 10.1038/ncb1691.